GraphQL in Production: N+1 Queries, Demand Control, Authorization, Caching, and Observability
Run GraphQL safely in production with resolver batching, bounded pagination, query depth/complexity limits, trusted documents, field-aware authorization, caching, mutation idempotency, schema governance, operation-level metrics, tracing, and safe rollout practices.
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Showing 13 of 15 articlesWhen Should You Use gRPC? A Practical REST vs gRPC Decision Guide
Use gRPC when typed service contracts, code generation, streaming, deadlines, and efficient internal service-to-service RPC justify the extra tooling. Learn where REST/JSON, events, or ordinary HTTP APIs remain the simpler choice.
WebSockets in Production: Handshakes, Frames, Authentication, Backpressure, and Scaling
Understand WebSockets beyond basic send/receive: the HTTP opening handshake, frames and masking, ping/pong and close semantics, subprotocols, Origin security, authentication, message authorization, bounded buffers, reconnect recovery, proxies, and multi-node scaling.
gRPC in Production: Deadlines, Retries, Keepalive, Flow Control, Load Balancing, and Observability
Productionize gRPC with reusable channels, explicit deadlines, cancellation, idempotency-safe retries, bounded streaming, HTTP/2 keepalive, standard health checks, load balancing, TLS/mTLS, graceful shutdown, schema compatibility, and OpenTelemetry metrics.
Chat Application Architecture: Messages, Ordering, Reconnects, Presence, and Multi-Device Sync
Design a production chat backend with durable messages, idempotent sends, per-conversation ordering, unread/read cursors, reconnect recovery, multi-device synchronization, presence, typing, attachments, push fallback, moderation, and bounded realtime delivery.
REST API Best Practices: HTTP Semantics, Idempotency, Errors, Pagination, Caching, and Security
Build REST APIs around real HTTP semantics: resource-oriented URLs, correct methods and status codes, idempotency, Problem Details errors, cursor pagination, caching and ETags, validation, authorization, rate limits, OpenAPI contracts, and safe observability.
API Development Lifecycle: Choosing REST, GraphQL, gRPC, and Event-Driven Contracts
A protocol-neutral API development guide covering how to choose synchronous vs asynchronous communication, REST vs GraphQL vs gRPC vs event APIs, define contracts with OpenAPI/Protobuf/GraphQL/AsyncAPI, secure and test them, generate SDKs, observe usage, and evolve them safely.
Live Notifications Architecture: In-App Delivery, Push, Offline Recovery, and Read State
Design reliable live notifications across in-app realtime delivery and push channels with durable notification state, user preferences, deduplication, offline recovery, retries, unread counts, read receipts, and safe multi-device fan-out.
GraphQL vs REST: Which API Style Fits Your Product, Frontend, and Scale?
Compare GraphQL and REST by the decisions that matter in production: data shape, frontend flexibility, HTTP caching, error semantics, authorization, query cost, observability, file uploads, public API usability, and backend complexity.
What Is gRPC? Protocol Buffers, HTTP/2, Streaming, Deadlines, and Generated APIs
gRPC is a typed remote-procedure-call framework built around service contracts, generated client/server code, Protocol Buffers by default, HTTP/2-based transport, unary and streaming RPCs, metadata, status codes, deadlines, cancellation, health checks, and secure channels.
What Is GraphQL? Schema, Queries, Mutations, Resolvers, and the Type System Explained
GraphQL is a typed query language and execution model for APIs. Learn how schemas, object types, fields, arguments, variables, fragments, mutations, nullability, resolvers, introspection, and GraphQL-over-HTTP fit together.
Real-Time Communication on the Web: Polling, SSE, WebSockets, WebRTC, and WebTransport
Choose the right realtime transport for web applications by comparing polling, long polling, Server-Sent Events, WebSockets, WebRTC, and WebTransport across directionality, delivery semantics, browser support, backpressure, scaling, and failure recovery.
API Versioning Without Chaos: Breaking Changes, Deprecation, Sunset, and Migration
Version APIs only when compatibility actually breaks. Learn additive evolution, path/header/date versioning, client pinning, deprecation and Sunset headers, migration windows, observability, contract testing, and how to retire old versions safely.